Sirf 6 states mein Vidhan Parishad (Legislative Council) hai. Baaki sab unicameral hain. Bihar mein Vidhan Parishad hai — BPSC ke liye must-know! J&K, Delhi, Puducherry UTs hain lekin unke paas Vidhan Sabha hai.
Vidhan Sabha = Lok Sabha (Lower, elected, can dissolve) · Vidhan Parishad = Rajya Sabha (Upper, permanent, 1/3rd retire every 2 years). Same structure, state level pe!
1st e-Assembly Constituency → Palampur, Kangra (Himachal Pradesh). Ye current affairs + polity overlap question hai.
| State | VS Seats | Why Notable |
|---|---|---|
| Uttar Pradesh | 403 | Largest Assembly in India |
| Sikkim | 32 | Exception — below 60 minimum |
| Goa | 40 | Exception — below 60 minimum |
| Mizoram | 40 | Exception — below 60 minimum |
| Bihar | 243 | Bihar Assembly — BPSC important! |
Minimum 60 members rule hai, but Sikkim (32), Goa (40), Mizoram (40) ke liye exception hai. Ye small states hain jahan population kam hai. Exam mein "minimum 60" rule yaad rakhna aur exceptions bhi!
Age difference yaad karo: VS = 25 years, VP = 30 years. Same as Centre — Lok Sabha = 25, Rajya Sabha = 30. Lower house mein kam age, upper house mein zyada age.
Vidhan Parishad create/abolish karne ka power Parliament ke paas hai, State Legislature ke paas nahi. Lekin process start Legislative Assembly se hoti hai — Special Majority mein VS resolution pass karta hai, phir Parliament Simple Majority se pass karta hai.
1/3 + 1/3 + 1/12 + 1/12 + 1/6 = 12/12 = 1 (Full). Verify: 4/12 + 4/12 + 1/12 + 1/12 + 2/12 = 12/12 ✓. Governor ka nominated share = 1/6 (not 12 fixed, it's a fraction).
Rajya Sabha mein President 12 nominate karta hai (fixed number). Vidhan Parishad mein Governor 1/6th nominate karta hai (fraction, not fixed). Dono alag hain!
Speaker removal ke liye 14 days prior notice — same as Centre. Speaker resigns to Deputy Speaker (not Governor). Oath Speaker ko Governor dilwata hai.
Centre: VP of India = RS Chairman (not a member). State: Elected member = VP Chairman. State level pe VP jaise koi constitutional officer nahi hota — directly members se Chairman elect hota hai.
Rajya Sabha ka Chairman = Vice President of India (non-member). Vidhan Parishad ka Chairman = Elected from among VP members (member hi hota hai). Ye important difference hai!
Centre mein MPs ki salary Parliament decide karti hai. State mein MLAs/MLCs ki salary State Legislature decide karti hai. Dono apni-apni salary khud decide karte hain!
State mein NO Joint Sitting provision — unlike Centre (Art. 108). Ordinary bill mein VP total 4 months delay kar sakta hai (3+1). Money Bill mein sirf 14 days. State mein Money Bill decide karta hai — Speaker of Vidhan Sabha.
Centre: RS Money Bill delay = 14 days. State: VP Money Bill delay = 14 days (same!). Centre: Ordinary bill RS = indefinite hold → Joint Sitting. State: VP = max 4 months (3+1), no joint sitting.
| 🔵 Collective Privileges | 🟢 Individual Privileges |
|---|---|
| Right to hold secret sessions | Immunity from civil arrest |
| Authority to arrest under simple warrant | Proceedings of House cannot be challenged in Court |
| Punishment for Contempt of House (Member / Non-Member) | Freedom from being summoned as witness |
| Right to publish or restrict proceedings | Freedom of Speech in Legislature |
Civil arrest se immunity hai — criminal arrest allowed hai. Immunity 40 days before session, during session, aur 40 days after session tak. Freedom of Speech in Legislature — Court mein challenge NAHI ho sakta.
Art. 194 = State Legislature privileges. Art. 105 = Parliament privileges. Dono basically same hain — individual aur collective privileges ka same set.
Prorogation vs Adjournment — Prorogation: Governor karta hai (session khatam karna). Adjournment: Presiding Officer karta hai (meeting temporarily rokna). Dissolution sirf Vidhan Sabha ki hoti hai — Vidhan Parishad permanent hai, dissolve nahi hoti!
Centre mein: Summoning/Prorogation = President · Adjournment = Speaker. State mein: Prorogation = Governor · Adjournment = Presiding Officer. Same parallel!
| Article | Subject |
|---|---|
| 168 | Composition of State Legislature (Governor + Houses) |
| 169 | Creation / Abolition of Legislative Councils |
| 170 | Structure of Legislative Assembly (Vidhan Sabha) |
| 172 | Duration of State Legislatures (5 years for VS) |
| 173 | Qualifications for Membership |
| 178 | Speaker & Deputy Speaker of Vidhan Sabha |
| 179 | Vacancies & Resignation of Speaker |
| 182 | Chairman & Vice Chairman of Vidhan Parishad |
| 191 | Disqualifications of Members |
| 194 | Privileges of State Legislature Members |
| 195 | Salaries & Allowances (determined by State Legislature) |
| 199 | Money Bills in State Legislature |
| 202 | Annual Financial Statement (State Budget) |
| 212 | Courts not to inquire into proceedings of Legislature |
Parliament (Art. 79) + 89 = State Legislature (Art. 168) ✓ · Rajya Sabha (Art. 80) + 89 = Vidhan Parishad (Art. 169) ✓ · Lok Sabha (Art. 81) + 89 = Vidhan Sabha (Art. 170) ✓