| Part | Articles | Subject |
|---|---|---|
| Part 1 | 1–4 | Union & its Territory |
| Part 2 | 5–11 | Citizenship |
| Part 3 | 12–35 | Fundamental Rights ⭐ |
| Part 4 | 36–51 | Directive Principles of State Policy (DPSP) |
| Part 4A | 51A | Fundamental Duties |
| Part 5 | 52–151 | The Union |
| Part 6 | 152–237 | The States |
| Part 7 | 238 | Repealed |
| Part 8 | 239–242 | Union Territories |
| Part 9 | 243–243(O) | Panchayats |
| Part 9A | 243(P)–243(ZG) | Municipalities |
| Part 9B | 243(ZH)–243(ZT) | Cooperative Societies |
| Part 10 | 244–244(A) | Scheduled & Tribal Areas |
| Part 11 | 245–263 | Centre-State Relations |
| Part 12 | 264–300(A) | Finance, Property, Contracts & Suits |
| Part 13 | 301–307 | Trade & Commerce |
| Part 14 | 308–323 | Services under Union & States |
| Part 14A | 323A–323B | Tribunals |
| Part 15 | 324–329(A) | Elections |
| Part 16 | 330–342(A) | Special Provisions for Certain Classes |
| Part 17 | 343–351 | Official Language |
| Part 18 | 352–360 | Emergency Provisions ⭐ |
| Part 19 | 361–367 | Miscellaneous |
| Part 20 | 368 | Amendment of the Constitution |
| Part 21 | 369–392 | Temporary, Transitional & Special Provisions |
| Part 22 | 393–395 | Short Title, Commencement, Hindi text & Repeals |
| # | Schedule | Amendment Added | Key Content |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1st | Union & State Territories | — | 28 States, 8 UTs |
| 2nd | Salaries & Allowances | — | President, VP, Judges, CAG, etc. |
| 3rd | Oaths & Affirmations | — | Ministers, MPs, MLAs, Judges, CAG |
| 4th | Rajya Sabha Seats Allocation | — | State-wise RS seats |
| 5th | Scheduled Areas & Tribes | — | Administration of Scheduled Areas |
| 6th | Other Tribal Areas | — | Assam, Meghalaya, Tripura & Mizoram |
| 7th | Union-State Relations | — | 3 Lists: Union, State, Concurrent |
| 8th | Official Languages | — | Originally 14, Now 22 languages |
| 9th | Land Reforms | 1st Amendment (1951) | Not challengeable in court (until 1973) |
| 10th | Anti-Defection | 52nd Amendment (1985) | Anti-defection provisions |
| 11th | Panchayat Subjects | 73rd Amendment (1992) | 29 subjects of Panchayats |
| 12th | Municipality Subjects | 74th Amendment (1992) | 18 subjects of Municipalities |
| Amendment | Year | Languages Added |
|---|---|---|
| 21st Amendment | 1967 | Sindhi |
| 71st Amendment | 1992 | Konkani, Manipuri, Nepali |
| 92nd Amendment | 2003 | Bodo, Dogri, Maithili, Santhali |
Yeh trick se 12 schedules yaad raho:
T · E · A · R · S · O · F · O · L · D · P · M
Original Constitution mein 8 Schedules the. Ab 12 Schedules hain. 4 baad mein add hue (9th, 10th, 11th, 12th).
Fundamental Rights = USA se. Fundamental Duties = Former Soviet Union (USSR) se. Dono alag countries, alag concepts. Mix mat karo.
DPSP (Directive Principles) = Ireland se liya. UK se nahi, USA se nahi. Ireland ka Constitution 1937 mein bana tha.
Residuary Powers (jo kisi list mein nahi) = Centre ke paas jate hain. Yeh concept Canada se liya. USA mein states ko jate hain — India mein Centre ko.
Originally 14 languages. Now 22 languages. Last addition = 92nd Amendment 2003 (Bodo, Dogri, Maithili, Santhali). Exam mein "how many languages now" = 22.
9th Schedule (Land Reforms) = originally court mein challenge nahi ho sakta tha. Lekin 1973 (Kesavananda Bharati) ke baad from 1973 onwards challengeable ho gaya.
Constitution Amendment Procedure = South Africa se. Germany se nahi (Germany = Emergency Powers). South Africa aur Germany dono ko confuse karte hain students.