Peasant Movements & Tribal Revolts

Quick Summary — All 3 Sections

#	Section	Count	Time Span	Main Region
1	Peasant Movements (Kisaan Andolan)	8 movements	1917–1946	Bihar, Bengal, Gujarat, UP
2	Tribal Revolts / Rebellions	7 revolts	1763–1900	Bengal, Jharkhand, Kerala, Gujarat
3	Other Important Movements	14 movements	1813–1922	Pan-India

Most Important Ones — Exam Focus

Champaran 1917 — 1st Gandhian Satyagraha Bardoli 1928 — Patel → "Sardar" Santhal Hul 1855 — Sidhu & Kanhu Munda Ulgulan 1899 — Birsa Munda Tebhaga 1946 — 2/3rd share demand Paika 1817 — Bakshi Jagabandhu, Odisha Indigo (Neel Vidroh) 1859 — Bengal

Champaran Satyagraha

1917

Leader: Mahatma Gandhi

Region: Bihar

Indigo farmers ki oppression — Tinkathia System. 1st Gandhian Satyagraha.

Kheda Satyagraha

1918

Leader: Gandhi Ji + Sardar Patel

Region: Gujarat

Famine ke dauraan bhi increased tax on farmers.

UP Kisan Sabha

1918

Leader: Gauri Shankar Mishra, Indra Narayan Dwivedi, Madan Mohan Malaviya

Region: Uttar Pradesh

Farmers' interests, high revenue demands.

Awadh Kisan Sabha

1920

Leader: Baba Ramchandra

Region: Awadh (UP)

Liberation of farmers from oppression.

Eka Movement

1921

Leader: Madari Pasi

Region: Awadh (UP)

Peasants mein unity promote karna. Non-Cooperation Movement ka offshoot.

Bardoli Satyagraha

1928

Leader: Vallabhbhai Patel

Region: Gujarat

Land revenue 30–50% increase. Patel ko "Sardar" title mila yahan se.

Bihar Kisan Sabha

1929

Leader: Swami Sahajanand Saraswati

Region: Bihar

Farmers' rights defend karna, zamindari oppression.

Tebhaga Movement

1946–47

Leader: Bangiya Pradeshik Kisan Sabha (BPKS) / All India Kisan Sabha (CPI), Kamparam

Region: Bengal

Sharecroppers ko 2/3rd share milna chahiye (against 1/3rd to landlords). "Tebhaga" = teen shares.

Champaran 1917 = 1st Gandhian Satyagraha Bardoli 1928 = Sardar Patel ka title Tebhaga = 2/3rd share demand (Bengal) Eka Movement = Madari Pasi

Bhil Rebellion

1825–31

Leader: Sewaram

Region: Western Ghats

British land revenue & forest policies.

Santhal Rebellion (Hul)

1855–56

Leader: Sidhu & Kanhu

Region: Bengal, Jharkhand

Zamindari oppression & moneylenders. "Hul" = revolt in Santali language.

Munda Rebellion (Ulgulan)

1899–1900

Leader: Birsa Munda

Region: Jharkhand

Land alienation, forest laws, missionaries. "Ulgulan" = Great Tumult.

Sannyasi Rebellion

1763–1800

Leader: Kena Sarkar, Devi Chaudhurani

Region: Bengal, Bihar

British revenue system & pilgrimage restrictions. Inspired Bankim's "Anandamath".

Chuar Rebellion

1766–1802

Leader: Durjan Singh

Region: Bankura (Bengal)

British revenue & famine policies.

Fakir Rebellion

1776–77

Leader: Majnu Shah, Chirag Ali

Region: Bengal

British interference in religious practices.

Velu Thampi Rebellion

1808–09

Leader: Velu Thampi Dalawa

Region: Travancore (Kerala)

Subsidiary Alliance & financial burden.

Santhal Hul = Sidhu & Kanhu 1855 Munda Ulgulan = Birsa Munda 1899 Sannyasi = 1763 — Anandamath inspired Velu Thampi = Subsidiary Alliance protest

#	Movement	Year(s)	Leader(s)	Region	Key Issue
1	Paika Rebellion	1817–25	Bakshi Jagabandhu	Odisha	Land revenue & salt monopoly.
2	Ramosi Rebellion	1822–41	Chittur Singh	Western Ghats	British forest & revenue policies.
3	Pagalpanthi Rebellion	1813–31	Karam Shah, Tipu Shah	Bengal	Zamindari oppression + religious reform.
4	Ahom Rebellion	1828	Gomdhar Konwar	Assam	British annexation & revenue system.
5	Kol Movement	1831–32	Budhu Bhagat, Joa Bhagat	Chotanagpur	Land alienation & moneylenders (Dikus).
6	Khasi Rebellion	1829–33	Tirot Singh	Meghalaya	British road construction & interference.
7	Faraizi Movement	1818–60	Haji Shariatullah	Bengal	Zamindari & British revenue oppression.
8	Indigo Movement (Neel Vidroh)	1859–60	Digambar Biswas	Bengal	Forced indigo cultivation.
9	Kuka Movement	1860–70	Bhagat Jawahar Mal	Punjab	Social reform + anti-British (Namdhari).
10	Pabna Rebellion	1873–75	Ishan Chandra Roy, Shambhunath Pal	Pabna (Bengal)	Zamindari rent increase.
11	Deccan Rebellion	1874–75	—	Maharashtra	Moneylenders (Sahukars) & land transfer.
12	Rampa Rebellion	1922–24	Alluri Sitarama Raju	Andhra Pradesh	Forest laws & tribal rights.
13	Tana Bhagat Movement	1914–20	Jatra Bhagat	Jharkhand	Social reform + anti-British.
14	Moplah Rebellion	1921–22	Ali Musliyar	Kerala	Khilafat + anti-landlord + anti-British.

Paika 1817 = Bakshi Jagabandhu (Odisha) Indigo Vidroh 1859 = Digambar Biswas Rampa 1922 = Alluri Sitarama Raju Moplah 1921 = Khilafat + anti-British Kol Movement = Dikus (moneylenders)

East & Central India — Jharkhand, Bihar, Odisha, Bengal

1763–1800Sanyasi Revolt (Bengal)

1770–71Chero Rebellion (Palamau, Jharkhand)

1776Fakir Revolt (Bengal)

1813–31Pagalpanthi Rebellion (Bengal)

1817–25Paika Rebellion (Odisha — Bakshi Jagabandhu)

1818Faraizi Movement (Bengal — Haji Shariatullah)

1827–62Sambalpur Rebellion (Odisha — Surendra Sai)

1830–60Wahabi Rebellion (Patna center)

1831–32Kol Rebellion (Chotanagpur — Budhu Bhagat)

1832Bhumija Mutiny (Bengal / Jharkhand)

1837–56Khond Rebellion (Odisha — Chakra Bisoi)

1855–56Santhal Rebellion (Bengal / Jharkhand — Sidhu & Kanhu)

1874Kherwar Rebellion (Jharkhand)

1899–1900Munda Rebellion (Jharkhand — Birsa Munda)

1914Tanabhagat Movement (Jharkhand / Bihar border)

North & West India

1816–32Kutch Rebellion (Gujarat)

1818–19Bhagera Rebellion (Baroda, Gujarat)

1822Ramosi Rebellion (Western Ghats, Maharashtra)

1844–45Gadkari Rebellion (Kolhapur, Maharashtra)

1860Kuka Rebellion (Punjab — Bhagat Jawahar Mal)

North-East India

1828Ahom Rebellion (Assam — Gomdhar Konwar)

1829–33Khasi Rebellion (Meghalaya / Assam — Tirot Singh)

1894Patharughat Rebellion (Assam)

1917Kuki Rebellion (Manipur)

1931Naga Rebellion (Nagaland — Jadonang & Rani Gaidinliu)

South India

1799–1805Revolt of Polygars (Tamil Nadu)

1800–05Ganjam Rebellion (Odisha / Andhra border)

1808–09Velu Thampi Rebellion (Travancore / Kerala)

1824–29Kittur Rebellion (Karnataka — Rani Chennamma)

1879–80Koya Rebellion (Andhra Pradesh)

1921–22Chenchu Tribal Movement (Nallamala Hills, AP)

1921–22Moplah Rebellion (Kerala — Ali Musliyar)

1922–24Rampa Rebellion (Andhra Pradesh — Alluri Sitarama Raju)

Trap #1 — Champaran = 1st Gandhian Satyagraha

Champaran (1917) Gandhi ka pehla satyagraha tha — Bihar mein. "Tinkathia System" ke against tha (indigo farmers). Kheda (1918) Gujarat mein tha — dono alag hain.

Trap #2 — Bardoli = Sardar ka title

Bardoli Satyagraha (1928) mein Vallabhbhai Patel ki jeet ke baad unhein "Sardar" ka title mila — Gujarat ki mahilaon ne diya. Leader = Patel, not Gandhi.

Trap #3 — Santhal vs Munda dono alag hain

Santhal Rebellion (Hul) = 1855–56, leaders: Sidhu & Kanhu, region: Bengal/Jharkhand.
Munda Rebellion (Ulgulan) = 1899–1900, leader: Birsa Munda, region: Jharkhand.
"Hul" = revolt (Santali). "Ulgulan" = great tumult (Mundari). Dono different hain!

Trap #4 — Tebhaga ka demand

Tebhaga = sharecroppers ko 2/3rd share milna chahiye — 1/3rd landlord ko. Pehle half-half tha. "Tebhaga" = three shares (Bengali). Led by BPKS / All India Kisan Sabha (CPI).

Trap #5 — Paika Rebellion ka region

Paika Rebellion (1817) = Odisha mein, leader = Bakshi Jagabandhu. Issue = land revenue + salt monopoly. Sambalpur Rebellion se alag hai — wo Surendra Sai (1827–62) ka tha.

Trap #6 — Indigo Movement ka sahi naam

Indigo Movement (1859–60) Bengal mein tha — Neel Vidroh bhi kehte hain. Leader: Digambar Biswas. Champaran (1917) se alag — wo Gandhi ka tha. Dono indigo se related par alag hain!

Trap #7 — Moplah Rebellion ke 3 causes

Moplah Rebellion (1921–22, Kerala) ke teen causes the: Khilafat movement + anti-landlord + anti-British. Sirf ek mat batana.

Trap #8 — Rani Gaidinliu + Rani Chennamma alag hain

Rani Chennamma = Kittur Rebellion 1824–29, Karnataka.
Rani Gaidinliu = Naga Rebellion 1931, Nagaland. "Rani" dono ke naam mein hai — confuse mat karna!

Trap #9 — Kuka vs Faraizi Movement

Kuka Movement (1860–70) = Punjab, leader: Bhagat Jawahar Mal, Namdhari Sikh movement.
Faraizi Movement (1818–60) = Bengal, leader: Haji Shariatullah, Muslim reform movement.