Peasant Movements & Tribal Revolts

Quick Summary — All 3 Sections

#	Section	Count	Time Span	I Region
1	Peasant Movements (Peasant Movements)	8 movements	1917–1946	Bihar, Bengal, Gujarat, UP
2	Tribal & Other Early Rebellions	7 revolts	1763–1900	Bengal, Jharkhand, Kerala, Gujarat
3	Other Important Movements	14 movements	1813–1924	Pan-India

Most Important Ones — Exam Focus

Champaran 1917 — 1st major Gandhian Satyagraha in India Bardoli 1928 — Patel → "Sardar" Santhal Hul 1855 — Sidhu & Kanhu Munda Ulgulan 1899 — Birsa Munda Tebhaga 1946 — 2/3rd share demand Paika 1817 — Bakshi Jagabandhu, Odisha Indigo (Indigo Revolt) 1859 — Bengal

Champaran Satyagraha

1917

Leader: Mahatma Gandhi

Region: Bihar

Indigo farmers's oppression — Tinkathia System. 1st major Gandhian Satyagraha in India.

Kheda Satyagraha

1918

Leader: Gandhi Ji + Sardar Patel

Region: Gujarat

Demand for revenue remission after crop failure; authorities insisted on collection.

UP Kisan Sabha

1918

Leader: Gauri Shankar Mishra, Indra Narayan Dwivedi, Madan Mohan Malaviya

Region: Uttar province

Farmers' interests, high revenue demands.

Awadh Kisan Sabha

1920

Leader: Baba Ramchandra

Region: Awadh (UP)

Liberation of farmers from oppression.

Eka Movement

1921

Leader: Madari Pasi

Region: Awadh (UP)

Promoted unity among peasants and emerged as an offshoot of the Non-Cooperation Movement.

Bardoli Satyagraha

1928

Leader: Vallabhbhai Patel

Region: Gujarat

Land revenue 22% increase. Patel "Sardar" title was obtained here from.

Bihar Kisan Sabha

1929

Leader: Swami Sahajanand Saraswati

Region: Bihar

Defended farmers' rights against zamindari oppression.

Tebhaga Movement

1946–47

Leader: Bangiya Pradeshik Kisan Sabha (BPKS) / All India Kisan Sabha (CPI)

Region: Bengal

Sharecroppers 2/3rd share receive should (against 1/3rd to landlords). "Tebhaga" = three shares.

Champaran 1917 = 1st major Gandhian Satyagraha in India Bardoli 1928 = Sardar Patel's title Tebhaga = 2/3rd share demand (Bengal) Eka Movement = Madari Pasi

Bhil Rebellion

1825–31

Leader: Sewaram

Region: Western Ghats

British land revenue & forest policies.

Santhal Rebellion (Hul)

1855–56

Leader: Sidhu & Kanhu

Region: Bengal, Jharkhand

Zamindari oppression & moneylenders. "Hul" = revolt in Santali language.

Munda Rebellion (Ulgulan)

1899–1900

Leader: Birsa Munda

Region: Jharkhand

Land alienation, forest laws, missionaries. "Ulgulan" = Great Tumult.

Sannyasi Rebellion

1763–1800

Literary link: Bankim’s Anandamath; fictional characters are not a verified historical leader list.

Region: Bengal, Bihar

British revenue system & pilgrimage restrictions. Inspired Bankim's "Anandamath".

Chuar Rebellion

1766–1802

Leader: Durjan Singh

Region: Bankura (Bengal)

British revenue & famine policies.

Fakir Rebellion

1776–77

Leader: Majnu Shah, Chirag Ali

Region: Bengal

British interference in religious practices.

Velu Thampi Rebellion

1808–09

Leader: Velu Thampi Dalawa

Region: Travancore (Kerala)

Subsidiary Alliance & financial burden.

Santhal Hul = Sidhu & Kanhu 1855 Munda Ulgulan = Birsa Munda 1899 Sannyasi = 1763 — Anandamath inspired Velu Thampi = Subsidiary Alliance protest

#	Movement	Year(s)	Leader(s)	Region	Key Issue
1	Paika Rebellion	1817–25	Bakshi Jagabandhu	Odisha	Land revenue & salt monopoly.
2	Ramosi Rebellion	1822–41	Chittur Singh (early phase); Umaji Naik (later resistance)	Western Ghats	British forest & revenue policies.
3	Pagalpanthi Rebellion	1813–31	Karam Shah founded the sect; son Tipu Shah led later agrarian resistance	Bengal	Zamindari oppression + religious reform.
4	Ahom Rebellion	1828	Gomdhar Konwar	Assam	British annexation & revenue system.
5	Kol Movement	1831–32	Budhu Bhagat, Joa Bhagat	Chotanagpur	Land alienation & moneylenders (Dikus).
6	Khasi Rebellion	1829–33	Tirot Singh	Meghalaya	British road construction & interference.
7	Faraizi Movement	1818–60	Haji Shariatullah	Bengal	Zamindari & British revenue oppression.
8	Indigo Movement (Indigo Revolt)	1859–60	Digambar Biswas and Bishnu Biswas	Bengal	Forced indigo cultivation.
9	Kuka Movement	1860–70	Baba Ram Singh	Punjab	Social reform + anti-British (Namdhari).
10	Pabna Rebellion	1873–75	Ishan Chandra Roy, Shambhunath Pal	Pabna (Bengal)	Zamindari rent increase.
11	Deccan Rebellion	1875	—	Maharashtra	Moneylenders (Sahukars) & land transfer.
12	Rampa Rebellion	1922–24	Alluri Sitarama Raju	Andhra province	Forest laws & tribal rights.
13	Tana Bhagat Movement	1914–20	Jatra Bhagat	Jharkhand	Social reform + anti-British.
14	Moplah Rebellion	1921–22	Ali Musliyar	Kerala	Khilafat + anti-landlord + anti-British.

Paika 1817 = Bakshi Jagabandhu (Odisha) Indigo revolt 1859 = Digambar Biswas and Bishnu Biswas Rampa 1922 = Alluri Sitarama Raju Moplah 1921 = Khilafat + anti-British Kol Movement = Dikus (moneylenders)

East & Central India — Jharkhand, Bihar, Odisha, Bengal

1763–1800Sanyasi Revolt (Bengal)

1770–71Chero Rebellion (Palamau, Jharkhand)

1776Fakir Revolt (Bengal)

1813–31Pagalpanthi Rebellion (Bengal)

1817–25Paika Rebellion (Odisha — Bakshi Jagabandhu)

1818Faraizi Movement (Bengal — Haji Shariatullah)

1827–62Sambalpur Rebellion (Odisha — Surendra Sai)

1830–60Wahabi Rebellion (Patna center)

1831–32Kol Rebellion (Chotanagpur — Budhu Bhagat)

1832Bhumija Mutiny (Bengal / Jharkhand)

1837–56Khond Rebellion (Odisha — Chakra Bisoi)

1855–56Santhal Rebellion (Bengal / Jharkhand — Sidhu & Kanhu)

1874Kherwar Rebellion (Jharkhand)

1899–1900Munda Rebellion (Jharkhand — Birsa Munda)

1914 Tana Bhagat Movement (Oraon community, Chotanagpur, Jharkhand)

North & West India

1816–32Kutch Rebellion (Gujarat)

1818–19Bhagera Rebellion (Baroda, Gujarat)

1822Ramosi Rebellion (Western Ghats, Maharashtra)

1844–45Gadkari Rebellion (Kolhapur, Maharashtra)

1860Kuka Rebellion (Punjab — Baba Ram Singh)

North-East India

1828Ahom Rebellion (Assam — Gomdhar Konwar)

1829–33Khasi Rebellion (Meghalaya / Assam — Tirot Singh)

1894Patharughat Rebellion (Assam)

1917–1919 Kuki uprising (Manipur and neighbouring hills)

1931 onward Zeliangrong resistance — Jadonang & Rani Gaidinliu (Manipur and neighbouring hills)

South India

1799–1805Revolt of Polygars (Tamil Nadu)

1800–05Ganjam Rebellion (Odisha / Andhra border)

1808–09Velu Thampi Rebellion (Travancore / Kerala)

1824–29Kittur Rebellion (Karnataka — Rani Chennamma)

1879–80Koya Rebellion (Andhra province)

1921–22Chenchu Tribal Movement (Nallamala Hills, AP)

1921–22Moplah Rebellion (Kerala — Ali Musliyar)

1922–24Rampa Rebellion (Andhra province — Alluri Sitarama Raju)

Trap #1 — Champaran = 1st major Gandhian Satyagraha in India

Champaran (1917) Gandhi's first major satyagraha in India was — in Bihar. "Tinkathia System"'s against was (indigo farmers). Kheda (1918) Gujarat was in — the two are different.

Trap #2 — Bardoli = Sardar's title

Bardoli Satyagraha (1928) in Vallabhbhai Patel's victory after them "Sardar"'s title was obtained — Gujarat's women gave. Leader = Patel, not Gandhi.

Trap #3 — Santhal vs Munda the two are different

Santhal Rebellion (Hul), 1855–56: led by Sidhu and Kanhu in Bengal/Jharkhand. Munda Rebellion (Ulgulan), 1899–1900: led by Birsa Munda in Jharkhand. "Hul" means revolt in Santali; "Ulgulan" means great tumult in Mundari. They were different movements.

Trap #4 — Tebhaga's demand

Tebhaga demanded a two-thirds share for sharecroppers and one-third for landlords; previously the crop had been divided equally. "Tebhaga" means three shares in Bengali. It was led by the BPKS/All India Kisan Sabha (CPI).

Trap #5 — Paika Rebellion's region

Paika Rebellion (1817): Odisha; leader, Bakshi Jagabandhu; issues, land revenue and the salt monopoly. It was different from the Sambalpur Rebellion led by Surendra Sai (1827–62).

Trap #6 — Indigo Movement's correct names

The Indigo Movement, also called the Indigo Revolt, occurred in Bengal in 1859–60 and was led by Digambar Biswas and Bishnu Biswas. Champaran (1917) was a separate Gandhian movement. Both concerned indigo, but they were different events.

Trap #7 — Moplah Rebellion's 3 causes

Moplah Rebellion (1921–22, Kerala)'s three causes the: Khilafat movement + anti-landlord + anti-British. only one not state.

Trap #8 — Distinguish Rani Gaidinliu from Rani Chennamma

Rani Chennamma = Kittur, Karnataka (1824). Rani Gaidinliu continued Jadonang’s Zeliangrong resistance after 1931 in Manipur and neighbouring areas of Nagaland and Assam.

Trap #9 — Kuka vs Faraizi Movement

Kuka Movement (1860–70) = Punjab, leader: Baba Ram Singh, Namdhari Sikh movement.
Faraizi Movement (1818–60) = Bengal, leader: Haji Shariatullah, Muslim reform movement.