Peasant Movements & Tribal Revolts

Quick Summary — All 3 Sections

#	Section	Count	Time Span	I Region
1	Peasant Movements (Peasant Movements)	8 movements	1917–1946	Bihar, Bengal, Gujarat, UP
2	Tribal Revolts / Rebellions	7 revolts	1763–1900	Bengal, Jharkhand, Kerala, Gujarat
3	Other Important Movements	14 movements	1813–1922	Pan-India

Most Important Ones — Exam Focus

Champaran 1917 — 1st Gandhian Satyagraha Bardoli 1928 — Patel → "Sardar" Santhal Hul 1855 — Sidhu & Kanhu Munda Ulgulan 1899 — Birsa Munda Tebhaga 1946 — 2/3rd share demand Paika 1817 — Bakshi Jagabandhu, Odisha Indigo (Indigo Revolt) 1859 — Bengal

Champaran Satyagraha

1917

Leader: Mahatma Gandhi

Region: Bihar

Indigo farmers's oppression — Tinkathia System. 1st Gandhian Satyagraha.

Kheda Satyagraha

1918

Leader: Gandhi Ji + Sardar Patel

Region: Gujarat

Famine during also increased tax on farmers.

UP Kisan Sabha

1918

Leader: Gauri Shankar Mishra, Indra Narayan Dwivedi, Madan Mohan Malaviya

Region: Uttar province

Farmers' interests, high revenue demands.

Awadh Kisan Sabha

1920

Leader: Baba Ramchandra

Region: Awadh (UP)

Liberation of farmers from oppression.

Eka Movement

1921

Leader: Madari Pasi

Region: Awadh (UP)

Promoted unity among peasants and emerged as an offshoot of the Non-Cooperation Movement.

Bardoli Satyagraha

1928

Leader: Vallabhbhai Patel

Region: Gujarat

Land revenue 30–50% increase. Patel "Sardar" title was obtained here from.

Bihar Kisan Sabha

1929

Leader: Swami Sahajanand Saraswati

Region: Bihar

Defended farmers' rights against zamindari oppression.

Tebhaga Movement

1946–47

Leader: Bangiya Pradeshik Kisan Sabha (BPKS) / All India Kisan Sabha (CPI), Kamparam

Region: Bengal

Sharecroppers 2/3rd share receive should (against 1/3rd to landlords). "Tebhaga" = three shares.

Champaran 1917 = 1st Gandhian Satyagraha Bardoli 1928 = Sardar Patel's title Tebhaga = 2/3rd share demand (Bengal) Eka Movement = Madari Pasi

Bhil Rebellion

1825–31

Leader: Sewaram

Region: Western Ghats

British land revenue & forest policies.

Santhal Rebellion (Hul)

1855–56

Leader: Sidhu & Kanhu

Region: Bengal, Jharkhand

Zamindari oppression & moneylenders. "Hul" = revolt in Santali language.

Munda Rebellion (Ulgulan)

1899–1900

Leader: Birsa Munda

Region: Jharkhand

Land alienation, forest laws, missionaries. "Ulgulan" = Great Tumult.

Sannyasi Rebellion

1763–1800

Leaders: Kena Sarkar and Devi Chaudhurani

Region: Bengal, Bihar

British revenue system & pilgrimage restrictions. Inspired Bankim's "Anandamath".

Chuar Rebellion

1766–1802

Leader: Durjan Singh

Region: Bankura (Bengal)

British revenue & famine policies.

Fakir Rebellion

1776–77

Leader: Majnu Shah, Chirag Ali

Region: Bengal

British interference in religious practices.

Velu Thampi Rebellion

1808–09

Leader: Velu Thampi Dalawa

Region: Travancore (Kerala)

Subsidiary Alliance & financial burden.

Santhal Hul = Sidhu & Kanhu 1855 Munda Ulgulan = Birsa Munda 1899 Sannyasi = 1763 — Anandamath inspired Velu Thampi = Subsidiary Alliance protest

#	Movement	Year(s)	Leader(s)	Region	Key Issue
1	Paika Rebellion	1817–25	Bakshi Jagabandhu	Odisha	Land revenue & salt monopoly.
2	Ramosi Rebellion	1822–41	Chittur Singh	Western Ghats	British forest & revenue policies.
3	Pagalpanthi Rebellion	1813–31	Karam Shah, Tipu Shah	Bengal	Zamindari oppression + religious reform.
4	Ahom Rebellion	1828	Gomdhar Konwar	Assam	British annexation & revenue system.
5	Kol Movement	1831–32	Budhu Bhagat, Joa Bhagat	Chotanagpur	Land alienation & moneylenders (Dikus).
6	Khasi Rebellion	1829–33	Tirot Singh	Meghalaya	British road construction & interference.
7	Faraizi Movement	1818–60	Haji Shariatullah	Bengal	Zamindari & British revenue oppression.
8	Indigo Movement (Indigo Revolt)	1859–60	Digambar Biswas	Bengal	Forced indigo cultivation.
9	Kuka Movement	1860–70	Bhagat Jawahar Mal	Punjab	Social reform + anti-British (Namdhari).
10	Pabna Rebellion	1873–75	Ishan Chandra Roy, Shambhunath Pal	Pabna (Bengal)	Zamindari rent increase.
11	Deccan Rebellion	1874–75	—	Maharashtra	Moneylenders (Sahukars) & land transfer.
12	Rampa Rebellion	1922–24	Alluri Sitarama Raju	Andhra province	Forest laws & tribal rights.
13	Tana Bhagat Movement	1914–20	Jatra Bhagat	Jharkhand	Social reform + anti-British.
14	Moplah Rebellion	1921–22	Ali Musliyar	Kerala	Khilafat + anti-landlord + anti-British.

Paika 1817 = Bakshi Jagabandhu (Odisha) Indigo revolt 1859 = Digambar Biswas Rampa 1922 = Alluri Sitarama Raju Moplah 1921 = Khilafat + anti-British Kol Movement = Dikus (moneylenders)

East & Central India — Jharkhand, Bihar, Odisha, Bengal

1763–1800Sanyasi Revolt (Bengal)

1770–71Chero Rebellion (Palamau, Jharkhand)

1776Fakir Revolt (Bengal)

1813–31Pagalpanthi Rebellion (Bengal)

1817–25Paika Rebellion (Odisha — Bakshi Jagabandhu)

1818Faraizi Movement (Bengal — Haji Shariatullah)

1827–62Sambalpur Rebellion (Odisha — Surendra Sai)

1830–60Wahabi Rebellion (Patna center)

1831–32Kol Rebellion (Chotanagpur — Budhu Bhagat)

1832Bhumija Mutiny (Bengal / Jharkhand)

1837–56Khond Rebellion (Odisha — Chakra Bisoi)

1855–56Santhal Rebellion (Bengal / Jharkhand — Sidhu & Kanhu)

1874Kherwar Rebellion (Jharkhand)

1899–1900Munda Rebellion (Jharkhand — Birsa Munda)

1914Tanabhagat Movement (Jharkhand / Bihar border)

North & West India

1816–32Kutch Rebellion (Gujarat)

1818–19Bhagera Rebellion (Baroda, Gujarat)

1822Ramosi Rebellion (Western Ghats, Maharashtra)

1844–45Gadkari Rebellion (Kolhapur, Maharashtra)

1860Kuka Rebellion (Punjab — Bhagat Jawahar Mal)

North-East India

1828Ahom Rebellion (Assam — Gomdhar Konwar)

1829–33Khasi Rebellion (Meghalaya / Assam — Tirot Singh)

1894Patharughat Rebellion (Assam)

1917Kuki Rebellion (Manipur)

1931Naga Rebellion (Nagaland — Jadonang & Rani Gaidinliu)

South India

1799–1805Revolt of Polygars (Tamil Nadu)

1800–05Ganjam Rebellion (Odisha / Andhra border)

1808–09Velu Thampi Rebellion (Travancore / Kerala)

1824–29Kittur Rebellion (Karnataka — Rani Chennamma)

1879–80Koya Rebellion (Andhra province)

1921–22Chenchu Tribal Movement (Nallamala Hills, AP)

1921–22Moplah Rebellion (Kerala — Ali Musliyar)

1922–24Rampa Rebellion (Andhra province — Alluri Sitarama Raju)

Trap #1 — Champaran = 1st Gandhian Satyagraha

Champaran (1917) Gandhi's first satyagraha was — in Bihar. "Tinkathia System"'s against was (indigo farmers). Kheda (1918) Gujarat was in — the two are different.

Trap #2 — Bardoli = Sardar's title

Bardoli Satyagraha (1928) in Vallabhbhai Patel's victory after them "Sardar"'s title was obtained — Gujarat's women gave. Leader = Patel, not Gandhi.

Trap #3 — Santhal vs Munda the two are different

Santhal Rebellion (Hul), 1855–56: led by Sidhu and Kanhu in Bengal/Jharkhand. Munda Rebellion (Ulgulan), 1899–1900: led by Birsa Munda in Jharkhand. "Hul" means revolt in Santali; "Ulgulan" means great tumult in Mundari. They were different movements.

Trap #4 — Tebhaga's demand

Tebhaga demanded a two-thirds share for sharecroppers and one-third for landlords; previously the crop had been divided equally. "Tebhaga" means three shares in Bengali. It was led by the BPKS/All India Kisan Sabha (CPI).

Trap #5 — Paika Rebellion's region

Paika Rebellion (1817): Odisha; leader, Bakshi Jagabandhu; issues, land revenue and the salt monopoly. It was different from the Sambalpur Rebellion led by Surendra Sai (1827–62).

Trap #6 — Indigo Movement's correct names

The Indigo Movement, also called the Indigo Revolt, occurred in Bengal in 1859–60 and was led by Digambar Biswas. Champaran (1917) was a separate Gandhian movement. Both concerned indigo, but they were different events.

Trap #7 — Moplah Rebellion's 3 causes

Moplah Rebellion (1921–22, Kerala)'s three causes the: Khilafat movement + anti-landlord + anti-British. only one not state.

Trap #8 — Distinguish Rani Gaidinliu from Rani Chennamma

Rani Chennamma led the Kittur Rebellion (1824–29) in Karnataka. Rani Gaidinliu led the Naga movement from 1931 in Nagaland. Do not confuse them merely because both names contain "Rani".

Trap #9 — Kuka vs Faraizi Movement

Kuka Movement (1860–70) = Punjab, leader: Bhagat Jawahar Mal, Namdhari Sikh movement.
Faraizi Movement (1818–60) = Bengal, leader: Haji Shariatullah, Muslim reform movement.