🌾 AGRICULTURE AND ANIMAL HUSBANDRY (WORLD) World Geography · Ch 23

BPSC / BSSC — World Geography Mind Map Series

🌾 Agriculture
  • A Primary activity (Primary sector)
📂 Types of Agriculture

Subsistence Agriculture

  • Primitive Subsistence Agriculture → Shifting / Jhum Agriculture
  • Intensive Subsistence Agriculture
  • Use of traditional methods

Commercial Agriculture

  • Commercial Crop Farming
  • Mixed Farming (Agriculture & Animal Husbandry)
  • Plantation / Single crop farming — e.g. Brazil coffee plantations (Fazenda)
  • Organic Farming
  • Truck Farming
  • Mediterranean Agriculture
  • Garden Farming

Other Types

  • Cooperative Farming
  • Community Farming
  • Dairy Farming
  • Intensive Farming (increasing yield through intensive use of available land)
📌 Largest agricultural land (area) India > USA > China
📌 Rain measuring instrument Rain Gauge
📌 Taungya System Growing crops between rows of trees
📌 Country with highest number of tubewells India
⚡ Quick Recall
Subsistence Agriculture = grown for own consumption · Commercial Agriculture = grown for sale/market — the core dividing line across all sub-types.
🔥 Shifting Cultivation in the World — Local Names
NameRegion
RayVietnam and Laos
MasoleCongo (Zaire River Valley)
MilpaMexico and Central America
ChitemeneUganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe
TaungyaMyanmar (Burma)
LadangJava and Malaysia
HumahJava and Indonesia
FangEquatorial African Countries
ChenaSri Lanka
ConucoVenezuela
⚡ Quick Recall
Shifting Cultivation goes by a different local name almost everywhere it's practiced — India calls it Jhum; Sri Lanka calls it Chena; Myanmar calls it Taungya.
🌱 Classification of Crops
Crop TypeExamples
Food CropsRice, Wheat, Maize, Barley
Coarse GrainsJowar / Ragi / Bajra
Pulse CropsGram, Pea, Moong, Arhar
Oilseed CropsMustard, Sesame, Linseed, Groundnut, Coconut, Sunflower
Horticultural CropsCoffee, Tea, Cocoa, Rubber, etc.
Beverage CropsTea and Coffee
Fibre CropsCotton, Jute
Other / Cash / Commercial CropsSugarcane, Beetroot, Rubber, Tobacco, Spices, etc.
⚡ Quick Recall
Tea and Coffee are classified as both "Beverage Crops" AND "Horticultural Crops" — they overlap across categories.
🌙 Golden Crescent
  • Opium producing and exporting countries of Central and South Asia
  • Countries: Pakistan, Afghanistan, Iran
🏛️ Important Institutions Related to Agriculture
InstitutionHeadquarters
Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO)Rome (Italy)
International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI)Washington D.C. (USA)
Tropical Agriculture InstituteIbadan (Nigeria)
International Rice Research Institute (IRRI)Manila (Philippines)
World Meteorological Organization (WMO)Geneva (Switzerland)
⚠ Exam Trap
FAO (Rome) and IFPRI (Washington D.C.) are both agriculture-related UN/research bodies but headquartered on different continents — a common mix-up in MCQs.
🌍 Top Countries in Global Agricultural Production
Major CropLeading Countries
RiceChina, India, Bangladesh, Indonesia, Vietnam
WheatChina, India, Russia, USA, Australia
MaizeUSA, China, Brazil, Argentina, India
BarleyRussia, Australia, France, Germany, Canada
JowarNigeria, Sudan, USA, Mexico, Ethiopia
PulsesIndia, Poland, UK, Mozambique, France
SoyabeanBrazil, USA, Argentina, China, India
Sunflower (Seed)Russia, Ukraine, Argentina, China, Turkey
SugarcaneBrazil, India, China, Thailand, Pakistan
Cotton (Seed)India, China, USA, Brazil, Pakistan
JuteIndia, Bangladesh, Cambodia, Uzbekistan, China
Onion (Dry)China, India, Egypt, USA
TomatoChina, India, Turkey, USA, Egypt
AppleChina, USA, Turkey, Poland, India
GuavaIndia, Indonesia, Mexico, China
CoconutIndonesia, Philippines, India, Sri Lanka, Brazil
SpicesIndia, Ethiopia, Turkey, Indonesia, Bangladesh
TeaChina, India, Kenya, Sri Lanka, Turkey
Coffee (Green)Brazil, Vietnam, Indonesia, Colombia, Ethiopia
TobaccoChina, India, Brazil, Indonesia, USA
Rubber (Natural)Thailand, Indonesia, Vietnam, Côte d'Ivoire, India
CocoaIvory Coast, Ghana, Indonesia
⚡ Quick Recall
India ranks #1 in Pulses, Jute, and Spices among these lists — a useful set of "India is #1" facts for quick recall.
🐄 Animal Husbandry
  • An ancient livelihood activity — a Primary Activity
  • Country with the largest milch animal / livestock population: India
📌 Top 5 Milk-producing countries India > USA > China > Pakistan > Brazil
🎣 Other Activities
ActivityKey Facts
FisheriesContinental shelf accounts for the majority of world fishing • Habitat of plankton (mixing of warm and cold ocean currents) • Top producer – China
India's Fisheries rankSecond in fish production (Top producer – China)
Silk production in IndiaFour varieties – Mulberry, Tasar, Eri and Muga
⚡ Quick Recall
India leads the world in milk and livestock population, but ranks only second in fish production, behind China.
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