Full Forms

This chapter is an A–Z source-based list of computer abbreviations and their full forms. All entries from PDF pages 227–233 have been organized for fast revision.

Full Forms coverage map
Source-derived visual grouping common full-form areas.
Revision Note
Standard expansions and unit spellings have been corrected. COMPUTER and VIRUS are words, not technical acronyms. A backronym is a later invented expansion. b = bit; B = byte.
Instant Search
TipSearch any abbreviation or keyword from this chapter.
Network full forms
High-yield network and Internet acronyms from the source.
E Full Forms
WordStandard expansion / context
EDGEEnhanced Data Rate for GSM (Global System for Mobile Communication) Evolution
EDIElectronic Data Interchange
EDPElectronic Data Processing
EDSACElectronic Delay Storage Automatic Calculator
EDVACElectronic Discrete Variable Automatic Computer
EBExabyte (10¹⁸ bytes)
EiBExbibyte (2⁶⁰ bytes)
EROMErasable Read Only Memory
EPROMErasable Programmable Read Only Memory
EEPROMElectrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory
E-MailElectronic Mail
EFSEncrypting File System
EDCElectronic Digital Computer
ENIACElectronic Numerical Integrator and Computer
E-CommerceElectronic Commerce
F Full Forms
WordStandard expansion / context
FDCFloppy Disk Controller
FDDFloppy Disk Drive
FORTRANFormula Translation
FTPFile Transfer Protocol
FSFile System
FATFile Allocation Table
FPSFrames Per Second
FLOPSFloating Point Operations Per Second
FMFrequency Modulation
G Full Forms
WordStandard expansion / context
GBGigabyte (10⁹ bytes)
GiBGibibyte (2³⁰ bytes)
GIFGraphics Interchange Format
GDIGraphics Device Interface
GPRSGeneral Packet Radio Service
GUIGraphical User Interface
GBPSGbps = gigabits per second; GB/s = gigabytes per second; 8 bits = 1 byte
3GP3GPP multimedia container format (.3gp); distinct from the 3GPP organization
3GPP3rd Generation Partnership Project
GMLGeography Markup Language
GSMGlobal System for Mobile Communications
GHzGigaHertz
GIGOGarbage In Garbage Out
H Full Forms
WordStandard expansion / context
HTTPHyper Text Transfer Protocol
HTTPSHyper Text Transfer Protocol Secure
HDMIHigh Definition Multimedia Interface
HTMLHyper Text Markup Language
HDHard Disk
HDDHard Disk Drive
HPCHigh-Performance Computing; handheld PC in historical device context
HPHewlett Packard/Horse Power
HSDPAHigh Speed Downlink Packet Access
I Full Forms
WordStandard expansion / context
IMAPInternet Message Access Protocol
INTELIntegrated Electronics
ISPInternet Service Provider
INFOInformation
IPInternet Protocol
IPV4Internet Protocol Version 4
IPV6Internet Protocol Version 6
IOInput Output
ISOInternational Organization for Standardization (official short name ISO, not an English initialism)
IOPInput Output Processor
IBMInternational Business Machines
ICIntegrated Circuit
ICTInformation and Communication Technology
ITInformation Technology
J Full Forms
WordStandard expansion / context
JARJava Archive
J2EEJava 2 Platform Enterprise Edition
JADJava Application Descriptor
JPEGJoint Photographic Experts Group
JSJavaScript
JSPJavaServer Pages
K Full Forms
WordStandard expansion / context
KBKilobyte (decimal kB = 10³ bytes); KiB = 2¹⁰ bytes
KBDKey Board
KbpsKilobits per second; kB/s or KB/s means kilobytes per second
L Full Forms
WordStandard expansion / context
LCDLiquid Crystal Display
LEDLight Emitting Diode
LLLLow Level Language
LANLocal Area Network
M Full Forms
WordStandard expansion / context
MANMetropolitan Area Network
MBMotherboard/ Megabyte
MBPSMbps = megabits per second; MB/s = megabytes per second
MHzMega Hertz
MIPSMillion Instructions Per Second
MIMEMultipurpose Internet Mail Extensions
MICRMagnetic Ink Character Recognition
MPEGMoving Picture Experts Group
Mp3MPEG-1/2 Audio Layer III
Mp4MPEG-4 Part 14 (multimedia container); AVC is a video codec, not MP4’s full form
N Full Forms
WordStandard expansion / context
NATNetwork Address Translation
NICNetwork Interface Card
NIITNational Institute of Information Technology
NTPNetwork Time Protocol
NTFSNew Technology File System
O Full Forms
WordStandard expansion / context
OOPObject Oriented Programming
OSOperating System
OPEN GLOpen Graphics Library
OSIOpen Systems Interconnection
OMROptical Mark Reader/Recognition
P Full Forms
WordStandard expansion / context
PCPersonal Computer
PPPoAPoint to Point Protocol Over ATM
PPPoEPoint to Point Protocol Over Ethernet
PDFPortable Document Format
PHPHypertext Preprocessor
PBPetabyte (10¹⁵ bytes)
PiBPebibyte (2⁵⁰ bytes)
PNGPortable Network Graphics
PNPPlug and Play
PDAPersonal Digital Assistant
PDUProtocol Data Unit / Power Distribution Unit
PPPPoint to Point Protocol
PANPersonal Area Network
PROMProgrammable Read Only Memory
PCIPeripheral Component Interconnect
POSTPower On Self Test
PSUPower Supply Unit
PINGNetwork diagnostic utility; “Packet InterNet Groper” is a later backronym
R Full Forms
WordStandard expansion / context
RAMRandom Access Memory
RDBMSRelational Database Management System
ROMRead Only Memory
RIPRouting Information Protocol
RPMRevolutions Per Minute
RTFRich Text Format
S Full Forms
WordStandard expansion / context
SDRAMSynchronous Dynamic Random Access Memory
SMPSSwitch Mode Power Supply
SMTPSimple Mail Transfer Protocol
SRAMStatic Random Access Memory
SIMSubscriber Identity Module
SAMSoftware Asset Management/Sequential Access Method
SNAPSub Network Access Protocol
SNOBOLString Oriented Symbolic Language
SSDSolid State Drive
SWSoftware
SIUSerial Interface Unit
SMSShort Message Service
SQLStructured Query Language
T Full Forms
WordStandard expansion / context
TBTerabyte (10¹² bytes)
TiBTebibyte (2⁴⁰ bytes)
TCPTransmission Control Protocol
TBPSTbps = terabits per second; TB/s = terabytes per second
TXTText
TAPITelephony Application Programming Interface
U Full Forms
WordStandard expansion / context
UMTSUniversal Mobile Telecommunications System
URLUniform Resource Locator
UHFUltra High Frequency
USBUniversal Serial Bus
UNIVACUniversal Automatic Computer
UPSUninterruptible Power Supply
UIUser Interface
V Full Forms
WordStandard expansion / context
VDUVisual Display Unit
VIRUSNot an acronym; “computer virus” has no standard technical full form
VANValue Added Network
VRMLVirtual Reality Modeling Language
VCDVideo Compact Disc
VHFVery High Frequency
VGAVideo Graphics Array
VGAVideo Graphics Array
VOIPVoice Over Internet Protocol
VRAMVideo Random Access Memory
VPNVirtual Private Network
W Full Forms
WordStandard expansion / context
WANWide Area Network
WAPWireless Application Protocol
WORMWrite Once Read Many
WWWWorld Wide Web
WBMPWireless Bitmap Image
WLANWireless Local Area Network
WMVWindows Media Video
WMLWireless Markup Language
WINSWindows Internet Name Service
WMAWindows Media Audio
X Full Forms
WordStandard expansion / context
XTExtended Technology
XMFExtensible Music File
XMLExtensible Markup Language
XMSExtended Memory Specification
XHTMLExtensible Hyper Text Markup Language
XSLExtensible Stylesheet Language
Y Full Forms
WordStandard expansion / context
YahooYet Another Hierarchical Officious Oracle
YBYottabyte (10²⁴ bytes)
YiBYobibyte (2⁸⁰ bytes)
Z Full Forms
WordStandard expansion / context
ZBZettabyte (10²¹ bytes)
ZiBZebibyte (2⁷⁰ bytes)
Quick Recall
Storage unit full forms
Storage-unit abbreviations listed in the source. The PDF also contains binary-unit spellings such as GiB, PiB, TiB, EiB, YiB and ZiB.
High-Yield Computer & Hardware
CPU — Central Processing Unit • ALU — Arithmetic Logic Unit • RAM — Random Access Memory • ROM — Read Only Memory • BIOS — Basic Input Output System • HDD — Hard Disk Drive • SSD — Solid State Drive • SMPS — Switch Mode Power Supply • PSU — Power Supply Unit • POST — Power On Self Test.
High-Yield Networking & Internet
LAN — Local Area Network • MAN — Metropolitan Area Network • WAN — Wide Area Network • PAN — Personal Area Network • TCP — Transmission Control Protocol • IP — Internet Protocol • DNS — Domain Name System • HTTP — Hyper Text Transfer Protocol • HTTPS — Hyper Text Transfer Protocol Secure • FTP — File Transfer Protocol • URL — Uniform Resource Locator • VPN — Virtual Private Network.
High-Yield Web / Software / Database
HTML — Hyper Text Markup Language • CSS — Cascading Style Sheets • SQL — Structured Query Language • DBMS — Data Base Management System • RDBMS — Relational Data Base Management System • OOP — Object Oriented Programming • GUI — Graphical User Interface • CUI — Character User Interface.
High-Confusion Terms Both retained VGA entries now use Video Graphics Array. MB = Megabyte in storage units; motherboard is a context-specific abbreviation. HPC is given as “Handheld Personal Computer/High Performance Computer.” PDU is given as “Protocol Data Unit / Power Distribution Unit.” SAM is given as “Software Asset Management/Sequential Access Method.” ISO is the official short name of the International Organization for Standardization.
Chapter Boundary
PDF page 234 starts the practice-question section, so Chapter 24 ends at page 233.