Computer • Chapter 13

Cyber Security

साइबर सुरक्षा
Meaning • Need • Threats • Hackers • Malware • Password Cracking • India Strategy • Cyber Terms
What is Cyber Security? / साइबर सुरक्षा क्या है?
  • Cybersecurity or cyber safety is described as security for systems connected to the Internet. It strengthens the safety of hardware, software and data, helps prevent data theft, and keeps documents/files safe.
  • Cyber + Security: “Cyber” relates to the Internet, information technology, computers, networks, applications and data; “Security” relates to protection.
  • The source includes system security, network security, application security and information security under the broader security idea.
Cyber Security overview visual
Source-derived visual: cyber security protects online systems, data, hardware and software.
Why Cyber Security is Needed / साइबर सुरक्षा क्यों जरूरी है?

Personal Data

Images, PDFs, text documents and other personal data stored on computers.

कंप्यूटर में मौजूद निजी डेटा की सुरक्षा।

Copyright / Company Data

Protect data owned by a person or company from theft or unauthorized use.

कॉपीराइट/कंपनी डेटा को चोरी या दुरुपयोग से बचाना।

Banking & Financial

Protect banking and financial information as Internet banking is widely used.

बैंकिंग व वित्तीय डेटा की सुरक्षा।

National Security

Protect sensitive defence and government-office data from cyber attacks or leakage.

रक्षा व सरकारी संवेदनशील डेटा की सुरक्षा।

Introduction & Meaning of “Cyber” / परिचय
  • The term cyber security refers to security offered through online services to protect online information.
  • As more people connect to the Internet, security threats that can cause major harm also increase.
  • CYBER: a combining form related to information technology, the Internet and virtual reality.
  • Need: to protect data from theft or misuse and to safeguard systems from viruses.
Source fidelity
This chapter follows the supplied PDF’s Chapter 13 content and terminology. Where the PDF wording is unusual, it is retained or explicitly marked as source wording rather than silently corrected.
Major Security Problems / बड़ी सुरक्षा समस्याएँ
VirusHackerMalwareTrojan horsesPassword cracking
Major cyber security threats visual
Five major security problems listed in the source.
Virus & Worms / वायरस और वर्म्स
  • A virus is described as a program present on a computer without the user’s knowledge and running against the user’s wishes.
  • Solution in source: install a security suite that protects the computer against threats such as viruses and worms.
Hacker / हैकर
  • A hacker is described as a person who breaks into a computer by gaining administrative control.
  • Prevention mentions strong passwords and firewalls as effective security controls.
How to Prevent Hacking / हैकिंग को कैसे रोकें
Strong Passwordमजबूत पासवर्ड
Firewallअनधिकृत हमले से सुरक्षा
Security Controlsप्रभावी सुरक्षा नियंत्रण
Types of Hackers / हैकर्स के प्रकार
White Grey and Black hat hackers
The source lists White Hat, Grey Hat and Black Hat hackers.

White Hat

Listed as a hacker category in the chapter.

Grey Hat

Listed as a hacker category in the chapter.

Black Hat

Listed as a hacker category in the chapter.

Malware / मैलवेयर
  • The word malware comes from malicious software.
  • It is described as software that infects and damages a computer system without the owner’s knowledge or permission.
  • Source prevention points: download an anti-malware program and activate network threat protection, firewall and antivirus.
Trojan Horses / ट्रोजन हॉर्स
  • The source describes Trojan horses as email viruses that may duplicate themselves, steal information or harm a computer system.
  • How to avoid: security suites such as Avast Internet Security are mentioned as a way to prevent downloading Trojan horses.
Source wording alert
The Trojan description above follows the supplied PDF’s wording; it has not been replaced with an outside definition.
Password Cracking / पासवर्ड क्रैकिंग
  • Password attacks are described as attacks carried out by hackers who determine or find passwords for protected electronic areas and social networking sites.
Cyber Security Strategy — India / साइबर सुरक्षा रणनीति — भारत
Cyber security strategy India source visual
Items listed by the source under “Cyber Security Strategy — India”.

Policy & Law

Security policy • legal framework • IT Act 2000 • IT Amendment Bill 2006 — data protection and computer crimes.

Capacity Building

Skills and competence development.

Research & Development

Research and development.

Monitoring & Network

Cyber monitoring • network security.

Adwar & Backdoor / एडवेयर और बैकडोर
Adwar / एडवेयर

Displays ads on your computer; the source says it is “not dangerous but very lucrative.”

Backdoor / बैकडोर

Opens a backdoor into a computer to provide a connection for other malware, viruses, spam or hackers.

Cyber Terms — Part I
Cracking / क्रैकिंग

Gaining access into a system specifically to commit a crime.

Hacking / हैकिंग

When someone breaks into a computer or network.

Hacktivism / हैक्टिविज़्म

Hacking for politically or ideologically motivated reasons.

Hijackware

Malware that changes browser settings to redirect users to malicious sites or show advertisements; also called a browser hijacker.

Hoax

A message warning of a non-existent threat, often connected with chain letters and usually harmless.

Keylogger

Spyware or hardware that tracks and records keystrokes, especially passwords and credit-card information.

Malware

Any “malicious software” designed to secretly access a computer.

Password Sniffing / Password Stealer

Malware that examines network traffic to find usernames and passwords.

Phishing & Related Attacks
Phishing types diagram
Phishing family exactly as grouped in the supplied source.
Pharming

Website traffic is redirected to a bogus website, usually an e-commerce or banking site.

Phishing

Cybercriminals try to obtain sensitive information such as credit-card numbers and passwords.

Phreaking

Phone networks are hacked to make free calls or charge calls to a different account.

Piggybacking

Gaining network access by using a legitimate user’s connection, often when the user leaves without logging out.

More Cyber Terms
Polymorphic Virus

Changes its digital footprint every time it replicates to evade antivirus software.

Pwned

Having appropriated or gained control of an email address or other cyber personal information.

Ransomware

Malware that encrypts data or locks computers until a ransom is paid.

Rogue Security Software

Malware pretending to be malware-removal software.

Rootkit

Disguises itself as normal files so antivirus may overlook it; source notes identity theft/control as a typical goal.

Sextortion

Blackmail schemes threatening to distribute sensitive or embarrassing private material unless a ransom is paid or sexual images/favors are provided.

Sniffing Attack

Capturing unencrypted network data using sniffer malware.

Spoofing

Masquerading as a trusted source. Source examples: email spoofing, IP spoofing and address-bar spoofing.

Spyware

Malware that gathers information about a user, often to track Internet use and deliver pop-up ads.

Time Bomb / Logic Bomb

Time Bomb executes at a specific time/date; Logic Bomb executes when specified criteria are met.

Virus

Malware that copies itself and infects a computer and files.

Wardriving

Driving around to exploit or collect data from unsecured Wi-Fi networks.

Worm

Malware that self-replicates and sends itself to other computers in a network.

Zombie

Malware used to take remote control of a system at a later time.

Quick Recall / त्वरित पुनरावृत्ति
Core idea
Cyber Security protects Internet-connected systems, hardware, software and data from theft, misuse and attacks.
TermSource cue
VirusProgram/malware that infects system/files.
WormSelf-replicates and sends itself to other computers.
MalwareMalicious software.
Trojan HorseSource-listed serious threat; avoid via security suite.
HackerBreaks into a computer/network.
White / Grey / Black HatThree hacker categories listed.
Password CrackingFinding protected passwords.
PhishingObtaining sensitive information.
SMiShingPhishing via text messages.
VishingVoice/phone phishing.
RansomwareEncrypts data or locks computer until ransom is paid.
RootkitDisguises itself as normal files; difficult to detect/remove.
KeyloggerRecords keystrokes.
SpoofingMasquerading as a trusted source.
WardrivingCollecting/exploiting data from unsecured Wi-Fi while driving around.
Exam Trap
Phishing ≠ Pharming: source frames phishing as trying to get sensitive information from users, while pharming redirects website traffic to a bogus site.
Exam Trap
Time Bomb ≠ Logic Bomb: source distinguishes a specific time/date trigger from a specified-condition trigger.